Climate Diplomacy: How Kazakhstan and the Gulf States Shape Sustainable Energy Policies, Abu Shawer Ahmad, Kurmangali Kuanyshbaikyzy, Saad Twaissi, Eimad Abusham

Abu Shawer Omar Ahmad
Sorbonne-Kazakhstan Institute, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University
Almaty
Kazakhstan
Kurmangali Aimen Kuanyshbaikyzy
Sorbonne-Kazakhstan Institute, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University
Almaty
Kazakhstan
Saad Twaissi
Department of Tourim and Heritage studies, United Arab Emirates University
Al Ain
United Arab Emirates
Eimad Abusham
Faculty of Computing & nformation Technology, Sohar University
Oman

DOI: 10.47556/B.OUTLOOK2026.24.1

Purpose: To analyze the role of sustainable energy policies in the climate policies with the view of comparing Kazakhstan and GCC member states using SDG performance trend.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study is quantitative longitudinal in design, with the use of Sustainable Development Report (SDR) indicators of SDG 7 and SDG 13 and SDG Index. Evaluation of progress and interrelationships is done through trend analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.
Findings: The performance of SDG is increasing in all countries with the UAE, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia leading. Investment in renewables and infrastructure helps GCC states to be better than Kazakhstan in SDG 7, whereas previous mitigation policies allow Kazakhstan to lead SDG 13. The Gulf has the lowest climate action.
Research Limitations/Implications:  Findings are based on SDR indicators and are not wholly reflective of institutional and political forces influencing implementation of policies.
Originality/Value:  Gives empirical data on the topic of sustainable energy changes and inter-regional collaboration in the era of the changing geopolitics.
Keywords: Kazakhstan; GCC; SDG 7; SDG 13; Sustainable energy; Climate diplomacy.