From clinical data to better outcomes: analysing pediatric diabetic Ketoacidosis and pathways to sustainable management, Siska Lubis, Shofiyya Imtiyaz, Allam Ahmed

Siska Mayasari Lubis
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara / Adam Malik Hospital
Medan
Indonesia
ORCID: 0000-0002-5671-7946
Shofiyya Imtiyaz
Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia
Jakarta
Indonesia
ORCID: 0009-0009-4118-9042
Allam Ahmed
World Association for Sustainable Development (WASD)
London
United Kingdom
ORCID: 0000-0002-1494-354X

Type of Paper: Conceptual Paper
RECEIVED: XX / REVISED: XX / ACCEPTED: XX / PUBLISHED: XXX
DOI: 10.47556/B.OUTLOOK2026.24.1

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and key biomarkers associated with paediatric diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in Indonesia and propose evidence-based pathways toward sustainable care.
Design/Methodology: This cross-sectional analysis at a tertiary hospital in Medan, Indonesia, retrospectively reviewed clinical and laboratory data from paediatric DKA cases. These data included blood gas analysis, blood glucose, electrolyte profiles, and other biomarkers.
Findings: Our findings indicate that delayed presentation, as well as the underutilisation of point-of-care and early diabetes testing, contribute to more severe metabolic derangements at admission.
Originality/Value: We propose an integrative framework that emphasises capacity building in rural health facilities, implementation of standardised management protocols, and community-based education interventions to reduce DKA incidence, improve clinical outcomes, and support sustainable paediatric diabetes care within Indonesia’s diverse healthcare landscape.
Keywords: Child, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Biomarkers, Point-of-Care.