Green investment, renewable energy capacity and climate policy: an econometric analysis of sustainable development in Brazil, Canada, China and India (2005–2023), Dr Mohamad Knio, Dr Ali Balikel
Dr Mohamad Saad El Dine Knio
School of Business, Economics Department
Lebanese International University
Lebanon
ORCID: 0000-0001-9074-8618
Dr Ali Eren Balikel
School of Business,Management Department
Istanbul Kent University
Turkey
ORCID: 0000-0002-9739-9729
Paper Type: Research
Received: 23 October 2025 / Revised: 29 November 2025 / Accepted: 12 December 2025 / Published: 30 December 2025
DOI: 10.47556/J.WJEMSD.22.4.2026.1
Purpose: This study analyses how green investment, renewable energy capacity and climate policy influence gross domestic product (GDP), employment and CO₂ emissions in Brazil, Canada, China and India (2005–2023).
Design/Methodology/Approach: A deductive explanatory strategy is utilised. Autoregressive integrated moving average and system generalised method of moments are applied to annual panel data to estimate the short- and long-run effects.
Findings: Renewable energy investment increases GDP and the short-run effect is negative. Climate policy is growth friendly but has limited employment effects.
Originality/Value: New empirical evidence on growth and environmental trade-offs that can guide sustainable policy choices.
Practical Implications: Green investment and policy can foster growth despite transitioning difficulties. Governments need to assist in clean energy transitions without hurting employment.
Keywords: Green Investment, Renewable Energy Capacity; Climate Policy; GDP; Employment; CO₂ Emissions; Panel Data.
Citation: Knio, M. S. E. D. and Balikel, A. E. (2026): Green Investment, Renewable Energy Capacity and Climate Policy: An Econometric Analysis of Sustainable Development in Brazil, Canada, China and India (2005–2023). World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development (WJEMSD), Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. xxx-xxx.